2011 Aluminum vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel
2011 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A229 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 2011 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 71 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 8.5 to 18 | |
| 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 74 to 120 | |
| 710 to 790 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 27 | |
| 72 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 190 to 250 | |
| 1020 to 1140 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 310 to 420 | |
| 1690 to 1890 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 140 to 310 | |
| 1100 to 1230 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 390 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 190 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 640 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 540 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 870 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 140 to 170 | |
| 50 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 23 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 35 to 45 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 100 to 130 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 11 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 3.1 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 7.9 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1150 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 29 to 52 | |
| 200 to 230 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 140 to 680 | |
| 3260 to 4080 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 44 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 27 to 37 | |
| 60 to 67 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 to 40 | |
| 40 to 43 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 51 to 64 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 to 19 | |
| 54 to 60 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 91.3 to 94.6 | |
| 0 |
| Bismuth (Bi), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.55 to 0.85 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 5.0 to 6.0 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.7 | |
| 97.5 to 99 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 1.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |