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2018 Aluminum vs. ACI-ASTM CN7M Steel

2018 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ACI-ASTM CN7M steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2018 aluminum and the bottom bar is ACI-ASTM CN7M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 120
140
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 73
200
Elongation at Break, % 9.6
44
Fatigue Strength, MPa 120
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
77
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 420
480
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 310
200

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
310
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 220
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 510
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 870
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 150
21
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 22
15

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 40
1.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 120
1.8

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
32
Density, g/cm3 3.1
8.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.1
5.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
78
Embodied Water, L/kg 1130
210

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 37
170
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 670
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 45
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 38
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41
17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 57
5.6
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
12

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 89.7 to 94.4
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.070
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
19 to 22
Copper (Cu), % 3.5 to 4.5
3.0 to 4.0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 1.0
37.4 to 48.5
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.45 to 0.9
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.2
0 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
2.0 to 3.0
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.3
27.5 to 30.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.9
0 to 1.5
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0