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2024 Aluminum vs. ACI-ASTM CH10 Steel

2024 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ACI-ASTM CH10 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2024 aluminum and the bottom bar is ACI-ASTM CH10 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
200
Elongation at Break, % 4.0 to 16
34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 90 to 180
180
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
78
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 200 to 540
540
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 100 to 490
230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
310
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 200
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 500
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 880
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 120
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 30
2.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 90
2.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
20
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.3
3.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
53
Embodied Water, L/kg 1140
180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 20 to 68
150
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 70 to 1680
140
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 50
19
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25 to 49
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 46
3.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 8.6 to 24
12

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.7 to 94.7
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
22 to 26
Copper (Cu), % 3.8 to 4.9
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
54.8 to 66
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.2 to 1.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.9
0 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
12 to 15
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0