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2024 Aluminum vs. AWS E312

2024 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while AWS E312 belongs to the iron alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2024 aluminum and the bottom bar is AWS E312.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
200
Elongation at Break, % 4.0 to 16
25
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 200 to 540
740

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
310
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 500
1360
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 880
480
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
15

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
20
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.3
3.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
52
Embodied Water, L/kg 1140
200

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 50
27
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25 to 49
24
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 8.6 to 24
18

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.7 to 94.7
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
28 to 32
Copper (Cu), % 3.8 to 4.9
0 to 0.75
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
52.3 to 63.5
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.2 to 1.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.9
0.5 to 2.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.75
Nickel (Ni), % 0
8.0 to 10.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0