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2024 Aluminum vs. Grade FDC Steel

2024 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while grade FDC steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2024 aluminum and the bottom bar is grade FDC steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 200 to 540
1680

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 200
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 500
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 880
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 120
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 30
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 90
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
1.9
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.3
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1140
47

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 50
60
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25 to 49
40
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 46
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 8.6 to 24
50

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.7 to 94.7
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.6 to 0.75
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu), % 3.8 to 4.9
0 to 0.12
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
98 to 99.4
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.2 to 1.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.9
0.5 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0.1 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.025
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0