2024 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI D3 Steel
2024 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI D3 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 2024 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D3 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 71 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 4.0 to 16 | |
| 9.8 to 15 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 90 to 180 | |
| 310 to 940 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 27 | |
| 74 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 130 to 320 | |
| 470 to 1220 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 200 to 540 | |
| 770 to 2050 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 100 to 490 | |
| 480 to 1550 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 390 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 640 | |
| 1430 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 500 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 880 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 120 | |
| 31 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 23 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 30 | |
| 3.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 90 | |
| 3.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 11 | |
| 8.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 3.0 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 8.3 | |
| 3.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 48 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1140 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 20 to 68 | |
| 97 to 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 46 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 to 50 | |
| 28 to 74 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 25 to 49 | |
| 24 to 47 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 46 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 8.6 to 24 | |
| 23 to 63 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 90.7 to 94.7 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 2.0 to 2.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 11 to 13.5 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 3.8 to 4.9 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 80.3 to 87 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 1.2 to 1.8 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 0.9 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |