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2025 Aluminum vs. ASTM Grade HP Steel

2025 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM grade HP steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2025 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HP steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 110
140
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 72
200
Elongation at Break, % 15
5.1
Fatigue Strength, MPa 130
130
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
78
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 400
490
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260
260

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 190
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1370
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 520
1330
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 870
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 150
12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
16

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 10
34
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.9
5.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
82
Embodied Water, L/kg 1130
220

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 55
21
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 450
170
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 37
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 58
3.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18
11

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.9 to 95.2
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.35 to 0.75
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
24 to 28
Copper (Cu), % 3.9 to 5.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 1.0
29.2 to 42.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.050
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 1.2
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
33 to 37
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.5 to 1.2
0 to 2.5
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0