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2025 Aluminum vs. Grade TDC Steel

2025 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while grade TDC steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2025 aluminum and the bottom bar is grade TDC steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 110
510
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 72
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 400
1700

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 190
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 520
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 870
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 150
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 40
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 120
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 10
1.9
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.9
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1130
47

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 37
60
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
40
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 58
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18
50

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.9 to 95.2
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.6 to 0.75
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu), % 3.9 to 5.0
0 to 0.1
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 1.0
98 to 99.4
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.050
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 1.2
0.5 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.5 to 1.2
0.1 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.020
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0