2025 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 1012 Steel
2025 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1012 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 2025 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1012 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 110 | |
| 100 to 110 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 15 | |
| 21 to 31 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 130 | |
| 150 to 230 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 27 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 240 | |
| 230 to 250 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 400 | |
| 360 to 400 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 | |
| 200 to 330 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 400 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 190 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 640 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 520 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 870 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 150 | |
| 53 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 23 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 40 | |
| 6.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 120 | |
| 7.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 10 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 3.0 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 7.9 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1130 | |
| 45 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 55 | |
| 80 to 93 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 450 | |
| 110 to 300 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 46 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 37 | |
| 13 to 14 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 40 | |
| 14 to 15 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 58 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 18 | |
| 11 to 13 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 90.9 to 95.2 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.1 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 3.9 to 5.0 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 99.16 to 99.6 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.4 to 1.2 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.5 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |