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2025 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI M34 Steel

2025 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI M34 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2025 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI M34 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 72
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
77
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 400
800 to 2170

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
270
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1540
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 520
1500
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 870
450
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 150
24
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 10
32
Density, g/cm3 3.0
8.2
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.9
9.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 1130
150

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 37
27 to 74
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
23 to 46
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 58
6.7
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18
25 to 67

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.9 to 95.2
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.85 to 0.92
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
3.5 to 4.0
Cobalt (Co), % 0
7.8 to 8.8
Copper (Cu), % 3.9 to 5.0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 1.0
71.3 to 76.5
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.050
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 1.2
0.15 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
7.8 to 9.2
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.5 to 1.2
0.2 to 0.45
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Tungsten (W), % 0
1.4 to 2.1
Vanadium (V), % 0
1.9 to 2.3
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0