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2095 Aluminum vs. ASTM A321 Carbon Steel

2095 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A321 carbon steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2095 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 70
190
Elongation at Break, % 8.5
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 200
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Shear Strength, MPa 410
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 700
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 610
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 210
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 660
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 540
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 910
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 130
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 35
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 31
1.8
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.6
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 160
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 1470
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 57
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2640
400
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 65
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 59
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 49
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 31
21

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 91.3 to 94.9
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.55
Copper (Cu), % 3.9 to 4.6
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.15
98.1 to 99.25
Lithium (Li), % 0.7 to 1.5
0
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.25 to 0.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.25
0.6 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.12
0.15 to 0.35
Silver (Ag), % 0.25 to 0.6
0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0.040 to 0.18
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0