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2095 Aluminum vs. ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel

2095 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A387 grade 12 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2095 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 70
190
Elongation at Break, % 8.5
25
Fatigue Strength, MPa 200
190 to 230
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Shear Strength, MPa 410
300 to 330
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 700
470 to 520
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 610
260 to 310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 210
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 660
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 540
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 910
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 130
44
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 35
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 31
2.8
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.6
1.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 160
21
Embodied Water, L/kg 1470
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 57
98 to 110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2640
180 to 250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 65
16 to 18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 59
17 to 18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 49
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 31
14 to 15

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 91.3 to 94.9
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.050 to 0.17
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.2
Copper (Cu), % 3.9 to 4.6
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.15
97 to 98.2
Lithium (Li), % 0.7 to 1.5
0
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.25 to 0.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.25
0.4 to 0.65
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.45 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.12
0.15 to 0.4
Silver (Ag), % 0.25 to 0.6
0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.025
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0.040 to 0.18
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0