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2124 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 1025 Steel

2124 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1025 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2124 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1025 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Elongation at Break, % 5.7
17 to 28
Fatigue Strength, MPa 130
190 to 280
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
73
Shear Strength, MPa 280
290 to 310
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 490
450 to 500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 430
250 to 420

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 190
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 500
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 880
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 150
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 38
6.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 10
1.8
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.2
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 1150
45

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 27
80 to 110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1290
170 to 470
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 45
16 to 18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 46
17 to 18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 58
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
14 to 16

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 91.3 to 94.7
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.22 to 0.28
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 3.8 to 4.9
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.3
99.03 to 99.48
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.2 to 1.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.9
0.3 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.2
0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0