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2218 Aluminum vs. EN 1.1221 Steel

2218 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while EN 1.1221 steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2218 aluminum and the bottom bar is EN 1.1221 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 95 to 110
210 to 250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 73
190
Elongation at Break, % 6.8 to 10
10 to 21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 110
240 to 340
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
72
Shear Strength, MPa 210 to 250
450 to 520
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 330 to 430
730 to 870
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 310
390 to 550

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 220
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 510
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 870
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 140
48
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 22
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 37
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
2.1
Density, g/cm3 3.1
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.2
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1130
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 27 to 31
67 to 130
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 450 to 650
410 to 800
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 45
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 30 to 39
26 to 31
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 34 to 41
23 to 26
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 52
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15 to 19
23 to 28

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 88.8 to 93.6
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.57 to 0.65
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
0 to 0.4
Copper (Cu), % 3.5 to 4.5
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 1.0
97.1 to 98.8
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.2 to 1.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.2
0.6 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.1
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.3
0 to 0.4
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.9
0 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.035
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0