5040 Aluminum vs. ASTM Grade HL Steel
5040 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 5040 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HL steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 66 to 74 | |
| 150 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 70 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 5.7 to 6.8 | |
| 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 100 to 130 | |
| 150 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 26 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 240 to 260 | |
| 500 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 190 to 230 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 400 | |
| 320 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 190 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 650 | |
| 1390 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 600 | |
| 1340 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 900 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 23 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 9.5 | |
| 27 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 2.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 8.3 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 65 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1180 | |
| 210 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 14 to 15 | |
| 48 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 260 to 380 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 50 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 to 26 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 31 to 32 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 10 to 11 | |
| 11 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 95.2 to 98 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.6 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.1 to 0.3 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.7 | |
| 40.8 to 53.8 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 1.0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.9 to 1.4 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 18 to 22 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |