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5042 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 1086 Steel

5042 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1086 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 5042 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1086 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 68
190
Elongation at Break, % 1.1 to 3.4
11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 97 to 120
300 to 360
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
72
Shear Strength, MPa 200
450 to 520
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 340 to 360
760 to 870
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270 to 310
480 to 580

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
240
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 570
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 130
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 33
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
1.8
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.8
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
45

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 3.6 to 12
79 to 84
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 550 to 720
610 to 890
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 35 to 37
27 to 31
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40 to 42
24 to 26
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 53
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15 to 16
26 to 30

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 94.2 to 96.8
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.8 to 0.93
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.15
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.35
98.5 to 98.9
Magnesium (Mg), % 3.0 to 4.0
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.2 to 0.5
0.3 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.2
0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0