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5049 Aluminum vs. ASTM A372 Grade K Steel

5049 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A372 grade K steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 5049 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade K steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 52 to 88
230
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 69
190
Elongation at Break, % 2.0 to 18
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 79 to 130
440
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Shear Strength, MPa 130 to 190
490
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 210 to 330
780
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 91 to 280
620

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 190
440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 650
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 620
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 140
48
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 35
7.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
4.4
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.5
1.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
24
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
57

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 6.0 to 31
160
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 59 to 570
1010
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 22 to 34
27
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 29 to 39
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 56
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 9.3 to 15
23

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 94.7 to 97.9
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.18
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
1.0 to 1.8
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
93.4 to 96.6
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.6 to 2.5
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.1
0.1 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni), % 0
2.0 to 3.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0