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5049 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 1078 Steel

5049 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1078 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 5049 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1078 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 52 to 88
220 to 230
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 69
190
Elongation at Break, % 2.0 to 18
11 to 14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 79 to 130
270 to 350
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
72
Shear Strength, MPa 130 to 190
440 to 470
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 210 to 330
730 to 780
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 91 to 280
430 to 570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 190
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 650
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 620
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 140
49
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 35
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
1.8
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.5
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
45

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 6.0 to 31
77 to 90
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 59 to 570
490 to 860
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 22 to 34
26 to 28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 29 to 39
23 to 24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 56
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 9.3 to 15
25 to 26

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 94.7 to 97.9
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.72 to 0.85
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
98.5 to 99
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.6 to 2.5
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.1
0.3 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0