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5049 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 4023 Steel

5049 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4023 steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 5049 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4023 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 52 to 88
130
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 69
190
Elongation at Break, % 2.0 to 18
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 79 to 130
170
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Shear Strength, MPa 130 to 190
280
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 210 to 330
440
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 91 to 280
230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 190
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 650
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 620
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 140
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 35
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
2.1
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.5
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 6.0 to 31
86
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 59 to 570
140
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 22 to 34
16
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 29 to 39
16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 56
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 9.3 to 15
14

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 94.7 to 97.9
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.2 to 0.25
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
98.1 to 98.8
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.6 to 2.5
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.1
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0