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5059 Aluminum vs. EN 1.0234 Steel

5059 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while EN 1.0234 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 5059 aluminum and the bottom bar is EN 1.0234 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 69
190
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 25
12 to 29
Fatigue Strength, MPa 170 to 240
170 to 270
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Shear Strength, MPa 220 to 250
260 to 300
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 350 to 410
350 to 480
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 170 to 300
220 to 410

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 210
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 650
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 510
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 110
53
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 29
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 95
8.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
1.8
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 9.1
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 160
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 1160
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 42 to 75
36 to 130
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 220 to 650
130 to 440
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 36 to 42
12 to 17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41 to 45
14 to 17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 44
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16 to 18
11 to 15

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 89.9 to 94
0.020 to 0.060
Carbon (C), % 0
0.13 to 0.17
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.25
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
99.02 to 99.5
Magnesium (Mg), % 5.0 to 6.0
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 1.2
0.35 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.45
0 to 0.1
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.025
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.2
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0.4 to 0.9
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0.050 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0