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5454 Aluminum vs. ASTM A372 Grade D Steel

5454 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A372 grade D steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 5454 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade D steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 61 to 93
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 69
190
Elongation at Break, % 2.3 to 18
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 83 to 160
340
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Shear Strength, MPa 140 to 200
500
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 230 to 350
810
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 97 to 290
510

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 190
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 650
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 600
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 130
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 34
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
2.1
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.6
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
48

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 6.3 to 34
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 68 to 590
700
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 23 to 36
29
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 30 to 41
25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 55
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 10 to 16
26

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 94.5 to 97.1
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.4 to 0.5
Chromium (Cr), % 0.050 to 0.2
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.4
97.1 to 97.9
Magnesium (Mg), % 2.4 to 3.0
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
1.4 to 1.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.17 to 0.27
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.25
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.2
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0