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7049 Aluminum vs. ASTM A372 Grade D Steel

7049 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A372 grade D steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 7049 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade D steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 140
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 70
190
Elongation at Break, % 6.2 to 7.0
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160 to 170
340
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
73
Shear Strength, MPa 300 to 310
500
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 510 to 530
810
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 420 to 450
510

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 370
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 480
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 860
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 130
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 36
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 10
2.1
Density, g/cm3 3.1
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.1
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 140
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 1110
48

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 31 to 34
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1270 to 1440
700
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 45
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 46 to 47
29
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 46 to 47
25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 51
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 22 to 23
26

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 85.7 to 89.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.4 to 0.5
Chromium (Cr), % 0.1 to 0.22
0
Copper (Cu), % 1.2 to 1.9
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.35
97.1 to 97.9
Magnesium (Mg), % 2.0 to 2.9
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.2
1.4 to 1.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.17 to 0.27
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.25
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 7.2 to 8.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0