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ACI-ASTM CG12 Steel vs. 5040 Aluminum

ACI-ASTM CG12 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 5040 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ACI-ASTM CG12 steel and the bottom bar is 5040 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160
66 to 74
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
70
Elongation at Break, % 40
5.7 to 6.8
Fatigue Strength, MPa 190
100 to 130
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 78
26
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 550
240 to 260
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220
190 to 230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 300
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1040
190
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
650
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
600
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 15
160
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 16
23

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
41
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.4
130

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 18
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.3
8.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 48
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 160
1180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 180
14 to 15
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 120
260 to 380
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20
24 to 26
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19
31 to 32
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.0
64
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
10 to 11

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
95.2 to 98
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.12
0
Chromium (Cr), % 20 to 23
0.1 to 0.3
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 60.3 to 70
0 to 0.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
1.0 to 1.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.5
0.9 to 1.4
Nickel (Ni), % 10 to 13
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15