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AISI 309S Stainless Steel vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

Both AISI 309S stainless steel and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. They have 64% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 309S stainless steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 42
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 210
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 51
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 78
73
Shear Strength, MPa 400
1080
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 580
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 230
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 290
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1080
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1420
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 15
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 16
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.2
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 19
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.6
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 51
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 170
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 190
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.0
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 13
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 22 to 24
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 58.1 to 66
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0.7 to 0.9
Nickel (Ni), % 12 to 15
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.045
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.75
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3