AISI 409 Stainless Steel vs. AWS E312

Both AISI 409 stainless steel and AWS E312 are iron alloys. They have 70% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 409 stainless steel and the bottom bar is AWS E312.

AISI 409 (S40900) Stainless Steel AWS E312 (W31310) Weld Metal

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Elongation at Break, %		24
Elongation at Break, %		25

Poisson's Ratio		0.28
Poisson's Ratio		0.27

Shear Modulus, GPa		75
Shear Modulus, GPa		80

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		740

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		270
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		310

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1450
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1360

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		11
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		15

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		6.5
Base Metal Price, % relative		20

Density, g/cm³		7.7
Density, g/cm³		7.7

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		2.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.6

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		28
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		52

Embodied Water, L/kg		94
Embodied Water, L/kg		200

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		11
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		31

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		15
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		27

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		16
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		15
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		18

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.080
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.15

Chromium (Cr), %		10.5 to 11.7
Chromium (Cr), %		28 to 32

Copper (Cu), %		0
Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75

Iron (Fe), %		84.9 to 89.5
Iron (Fe), %		52.3 to 63.5

Manganese (Mn), %		0 to 1.0
Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.5

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.75

Nickel (Ni), %		0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.045
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030

Titanium (Ti), %		0 to 0.75
Titanium (Ti), %		0