AISI 431 Stainless Steel vs. ASTM A321 Carbon Steel
Both AISI 431 stainless steel and ASTM A321 carbon steel are iron alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 431 stainless steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 250 | |
| 190 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 15 to 17 | |
| 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 430 to 610 | |
| 270 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 77 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 840 | |
| 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1380 | |
| 670 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 710 to 1040 | |
| 390 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 280 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 850 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1510 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 26 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.6 | |
| 7.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 3.0 | |
| 8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 9.0 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.2 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 31 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 120 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 140 to 180 | |
| 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1270 to 2770 | |
| 400 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 to 50 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 27 to 36 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.0 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 28 to 43 | |
| 21 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 to 0.55 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 15 to 17 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 78.2 to 83.8 | |
| 98.1 to 99.25 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 1.3 to 2.5 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |