AISI 440C Stainless Steel vs. Grade 21 Titanium
AISI 440C stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 440C stainless steel and the bottom bar is grade 21 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
140 |
Elongation at Break, % | 2.0 to 14 | |
9.0 to 17 |
Fatigue Strength, MPa | 260 to 840 | |
550 to 660 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
0.32 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 76 | |
51 |
Shear Strength, MPa | 430 to 1120 | |
550 to 790 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 710 to 1970 | |
890 to 1340 |
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 to 1900 | |
870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 280 | |
410 |
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 870 | |
310 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1480 | |
1740 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
1690 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
500 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 22 | |
7.5 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 10 | |
7.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price, % relative | 9.0 | |
60 |
Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
5.4 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.2 | |
32 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 31 | |
490 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 120 | |
180 |
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 39 to 88 | |
110 to 180 |
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
14 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
32 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 26 to 71 | |
46 to 69 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 23 to 46 | |
38 to 50 |
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 6.0 | |
2.8 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 26 to 71 | |
66 to 100 |
Alloy Composition
Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
2.5 to 3.5 |
Carbon (C), % | 1.0 to 1.2 | |
0 to 0.050 |
Chromium (Cr), % | 16 to 18 | |
0 |
Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.015 |
Iron (Fe), % | 78 to 83.1 | |
0 to 0.4 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
0 |
Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.75 | |
14 to 16 |
Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
2.2 to 3.2 |
Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.17 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
0 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
0.15 to 0.25 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
0 |
Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
76 to 81.2 |
Residuals, % | 0 | |
0 to 0.4 |