ASTM A182 Grade F12 Class 1 vs. C31600 Bronze
ASTM A182 grade F12 class 1 belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C31600 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A182 grade F12 class 1 and the bottom bar is C31600 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 23 | |
| 6.7 to 28 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 42 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 170 to 270 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 470 | |
| 270 to 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 250 | |
| 80 to 390 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1040 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1010 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 45 | |
| 140 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 32 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 33 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.8 | |
| 29 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 | |
| 2.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 21 | |
| 43 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 52 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 91 | |
| 30 to 58 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 160 | |
| 28 to 690 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 7.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 | |
| 8.5 to 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 | |
| 11 to 15 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 | |
| 9.4 to 16 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.050 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.3 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 87.5 to 90.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.8 to 98.4 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.44 to 0.65 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.045 | |
| 0.040 to 0.1 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.045 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 5.2 to 10.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |