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ASTM A182 Grade F5a vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

Both ASTM A182 grade F5a and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 95% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A182 grade F5a and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 310
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 25
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 380
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 56
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
73
Shear Strength, MPa 450
1080
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 710
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 520
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 510
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 40
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 8.2
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.4
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.5
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 24
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 69
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 160
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 23
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.25
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 4.0 to 6.0
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 91.4 to 95.6
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.6
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.44 to 0.65
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.5
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3