ASTM A217 Grade C12 vs. ASTM A217 Grade C12A
Both ASTM A217 grade C12 and ASTM A217 grade C12A are variants of the same material.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A217 grade C12 and the bottom bar is ASTM A217 grade C12A.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 210 | |
| 200 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 320 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.28 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 39 | |
| 50 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 75 | |
| 75 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 710 | |
| 670 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 460 | |
| 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 270 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 600 | |
| 600 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 26 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 9.2 | |
| 8.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 11 | |
| 10 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 6.5 | |
| 7.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 2.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 27 | |
| 28 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 87 | |
| 87 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 12 | |
| 13 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 130 | |
| 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 560 | |
| 560 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 25 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 23 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.0 | |
| 6.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 20 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0.080 to 0.12 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 8.0 to 10 | |
| 8.0 to 9.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 85.9 to 90.8 | |
| 87.6 to 90.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.35 to 0.65 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.9 to 1.2 | |
| 0.85 to 1.1 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.060 to 0.1 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0.030 to 0.070 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.045 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |