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ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A227 spring steel and AISI 431 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 500 to 640
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 12
15 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 900 to 1160
430 to 610
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
77
Shear Strength, MPa 1030 to 1330
550 to 840
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1720 to 2220
890 to 1380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1430 to 1850
710 to 1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
850
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
2.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
3.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
9.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
120

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 260
140 to 180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 61 to 79
32 to 50
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41 to 48
27 to 36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
7.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 55 to 71
28 to 43

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.45 to 0.85
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0
15 to 17
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 99.1
78.2 to 83.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.3
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.3 to 2.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030

Comparable Variants