ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel
Both ASTM A227 spring steel and AISI 431 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness | 500 to 640 | |
250 |
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
200 |
Elongation at Break, % | 12 | |
15 to 17 |
Fatigue Strength, MPa | 900 to 1160 | |
430 to 610 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
0.28 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
77 |
Shear Strength, MPa | 1030 to 1330 | |
550 to 840 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1720 to 2220 | |
890 to 1380 |
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1430 to 1850 | |
710 to 1040 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
280 |
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
850 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
1510 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
1450 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
480 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
26 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
12 |
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 | |
2.6 |
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
3.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
9.0 |
Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
7.7 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
2.2 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
31 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
120 |
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 200 to 260 | |
140 to 180 |
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
14 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
25 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 61 to 79 | |
32 to 50 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 41 to 48 | |
27 to 36 |
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
7.0 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 55 to 71 | |
28 to 43 |
Alloy Composition
Carbon (C), % | 0.45 to 0.85 | |
0 to 0.2 |
Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
15 to 17 |
Iron (Fe), % | 97.4 to 99.1 | |
78.2 to 83.8 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 1.3 | |
0 to 1.0 |
Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
1.3 to 2.5 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
0 to 0.040 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
0 to 1.0 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
0 to 0.030 |