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ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. Grade 2 Titanium

ASTM A227 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 2 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is grade 2 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 500 to 640
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 12
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 900 to 1160
250
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
38
Shear Strength, MPa 1030 to 1330
270
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1720 to 2220
420
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1430 to 1850
360

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
420
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
22
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
9.0

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
3.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
7.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
37
Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
31
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
510
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
110

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 260
92
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 61 to 79
26
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41 to 48
28
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
8.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 55 to 71
32

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.45 to 0.85
0 to 0.080
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 99.1
0 to 0.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.3
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.030
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
98.9 to 100
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4