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ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. Grade 24 Titanium

ASTM A227 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 24 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is grade 24 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 12
11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 900 to 1160
550
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
40
Shear Strength, MPa 1030 to 1330
610
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1720 to 2220
1010
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1430 to 1850
940

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
410
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
340
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1610
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1560
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
560
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
7.1
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
9.6

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
1.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
2.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
43
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
710
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
310

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 260
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 61 to 79
63
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41 to 48
50
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
2.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 55 to 71
72

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
5.5 to 6.8
Carbon (C), % 0.45 to 0.85
0 to 0.080
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 99.1
0 to 0.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.3
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.2
Palladium (Pd), % 0
0.040 to 0.080
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
87.5 to 91
Vanadium (V), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4