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ASTM A229 Spring Steel vs. AISI 446 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A229 spring steel and AISI 446 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 74% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A229 spring steel and the bottom bar is AISI 446 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 490 to 550
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 710 to 790
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
79
Shear Strength, MPa 1020 to 1140
360
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1690 to 1890
570
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1100 to 1230
300

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1180
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
490
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
17
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
1.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
2.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
12
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
35
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 230
110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 3260 to 4080
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
26
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60 to 67
21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40 to 43
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.6
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 54 to 60
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.55 to 0.85
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0
23 to 27
Iron (Fe), % 97.5 to 99
69.2 to 77
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.2
0 to 1.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.75
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030