ASTM A229 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.4378 Stainless Steel
Both ASTM A229 spring steel and EN 1.4378 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 66% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A229 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.4378 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 490 to 550 | |
| 190 to 340 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 14 to 34 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 710 to 790 | |
| 340 to 550 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 77 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1020 to 1140 | |
| 510 to 680 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1690 to 1890 | |
| 760 to 1130 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1100 to 1230 | |
| 430 to 970 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 290 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 910 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 1390 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1350 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 12 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.6 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 2.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 39 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 150 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 200 to 230 | |
| 150 to 220 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3260 to 4080 | |
| 470 to 2370 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 60 to 67 | |
| 28 to 41 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 40 to 43 | |
| 24 to 31 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 54 to 60 | |
| 16 to 23 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.55 to 0.85 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 17 to 19 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97.5 to 99 | |
| 61.2 to 69 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 1.2 | |
| 11.5 to 14.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 2.3 to 3.7 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.060 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |