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ASTM A229 Spring Steel vs. Grade 1 Titanium

ASTM A229 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 1 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A229 spring steel and the bottom bar is grade 1 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 490 to 550
120
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 14
28
Fatigue Strength, MPa 710 to 790
170
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
39
Shear Strength, MPa 1020 to 1140
200
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1690 to 1890
310
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1100 to 1230
220

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
420
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
20
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
8.8

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
3.7
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
7.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
37
Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
31
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
510
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
110

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 230
79
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 3260 to 4080
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60 to 67
19
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40 to 43
23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
8.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 54 to 60
24

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.55 to 0.85
0 to 0.080
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 97.5 to 99
0 to 0.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.2
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.030
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.18
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
99.095 to 100
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4