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ASTM A229 Spring Steel vs. Grade C-5 Titanium

ASTM A229 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade C-5 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A229 spring steel and the bottom bar is grade C-5 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 490 to 550
310
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 14
6.7
Fatigue Strength, MPa 710 to 790
510
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
40
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1690 to 1890
1000
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1100 to 1230
940

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
410
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
340
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1610
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1560
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
560
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
7.1
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
9.6

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
1.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
2.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
36
Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.4
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
38
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
610
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
200

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 230
66
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 3260 to 4080
4200
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60 to 67
63
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40 to 43
50
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
2.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 54 to 60
71

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
5.5 to 6.8
Carbon (C), % 0.55 to 0.85
0 to 0.1
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 97.5 to 99
0 to 0.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.2
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
87.5 to 91
Vanadium (V), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4