ASTM A229 Spring Steel vs. C12900 Copper
ASTM A229 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C12900 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A229 spring steel and the bottom bar is C12900 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 2.8 to 50 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 43 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1020 to 1140 | |
| 150 to 210 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1690 to 1890 | |
| 220 to 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1100 to 1230 | |
| 75 to 380 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 210 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 200 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 1080 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1030 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 390 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 50 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 98 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 98 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 32 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 9.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 41 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 330 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 200 to 230 | |
| 11 to 88 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3260 to 4080 | |
| 24 to 640 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 7.2 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 60 to 67 | |
| 6.8 to 13 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 40 to 43 | |
| 9.1 to 14 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 110 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 54 to 60 | |
| 7.8 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0030 |
| Arsenic (As), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.012 |
| Bismuth (Bi), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0030 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.55 to 0.85 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 99.88 to 100 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97.5 to 99 | |
| 0 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0040 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Silver (Ag), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.054 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Tellurium (Te), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |