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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. 1050A Aluminum

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 1050A aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is 1050A aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
20 to 45
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
68
Elongation at Break, % 14
1.1 to 33
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
22 to 55
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
26
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
44 to 97
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
68 to 170
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
22 to 150

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
170
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
650
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
230
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
59
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
200

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
9.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
8.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
1200

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
1.9 to 19
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
6.9 to 18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
14 to 25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
94
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
3.0 to 7.6

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
99.5 to 100
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.050
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 0.4
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0 to 0.050
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 0.050
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.25
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.050
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.070