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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. 201.0 Aluminum

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 201.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is 201.0 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
95 to 140
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
71
Elongation at Break, % 14
4.4 to 20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
120 to 150
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
27
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
290
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
370 to 470
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
220 to 400

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
390
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
170
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
650
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
570
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
870
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
120
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
19

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
30 to 33
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
87 to 97

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
38
Density, g/cm3 7.8
3.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
8.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
19 to 63
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
45
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
33 to 42
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
37 to 44
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
45
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
19 to 25

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
92.1 to 95.1
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
4.0 to 5.2
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 0.15
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0.15 to 0.55
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.2 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.1
Silver (Ag), % 0
0.4 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.1