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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. 2011 Aluminum

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 2011 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is 2011 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
71
Elongation at Break, % 14
8.5 to 18
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
74 to 120
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
27
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
190 to 250
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
310 to 420
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
140 to 310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
390
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
190
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
540
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
870
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
140 to 170
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
23

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
35 to 45
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
100 to 130

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
11
Density, g/cm3 7.8
3.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
7.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
1150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
29 to 52
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
44
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
27 to 37
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
32 to 40
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
51 to 64
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
14 to 19

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
91.3 to 94.6
Bismuth (Bi), % 0
0.2 to 0.6
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
5.0 to 6.0
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 0.7
Lead (Pb), % 0
0.2 to 0.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.3
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15