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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. 712.0 Aluminum

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 712.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is 712.0 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
75 to 90
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
70
Elongation at Break, % 14
4.5 to 4.7
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
140 to 180
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
27
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
180
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
250 to 260
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
180 to 200

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
380
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
190
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
870
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
160
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
40
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
120

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
3.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
8.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
1140

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
11
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
46
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
24 to 25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
30 to 31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
62
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
11

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
90.7 to 94
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0.4 to 0.6
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 0.5
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0.5 to 0.65
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
5.0 to 6.5
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.2