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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. A535.0 Aluminum

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while A535.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is A535.0 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
67
Elongation at Break, % 14
9.0
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
95
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
25
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
250
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
120

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
390
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
170
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
620
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
550
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
910
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
100
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
23
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
79

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
9.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
160
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
1180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
19
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
51
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
26
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
33
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
42
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
11

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
91.4 to 93.4
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.1
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 0.2
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
6.5 to 7.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.1 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.2
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.25
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15