ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.7231 Steel
Both ASTM A231 spring steel and EN 1.7231 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.7231 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 540 | |
| 240 to 280 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 11 to 12 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 1000 | |
| 360 to 500 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 790 to 930 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1570 | |
| 570 to 800 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 46 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 2.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 230 | |
| 87 to 100 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 28 to 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 24 to 27 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 23 to 27 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0.38 to 0.45 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 97.7 | |
| 96.4 to 98.1 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0.6 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |