ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1023 Steel
Both ASTM A231 spring steel and SAE-AISI 1023 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1023 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 540 | |
| 130 to 140 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 17 to 29 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 1000 | |
| 180 to 270 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 46 | |
| 46 to 56 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1080 | |
| 280 to 300 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 430 to 480 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1570 | |
| 240 to 410 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 53 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 6.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 8.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 45 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 230 | |
| 77 to 100 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 16 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 14 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0.2 to 0.25 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 97.7 | |
| 99.06 to 99.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |