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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI D5 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and SAE-AISI D5 steel are iron alloys. They have 83% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D5 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
5.4 to 14
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
75
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
470 to 1180
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
770 to 2030

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
27
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
4.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
4.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
13
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
51
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
120

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
28 to 73
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
24 to 46
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
7.4
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
26 to 67

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
1.4 to 1.6
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
11 to 13
Cobalt (Co), % 0
2.5 to 3.5
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
77.9 to 84.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.7 to 1.2
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 1.0