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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. Titanium 6-2-4-2

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while titanium 6-2-4-2 belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is titanium 6-2-4-2.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 14
8.6
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
490
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Reduction in Area, % 46
21
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
40
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
560
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
950
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
880

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
300
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1590
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1540
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
6.9
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
9.5

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
0.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
1.8

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
42
Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
32
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
520
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
210

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
79
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
34
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
57
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
46
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
2.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
67

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
5.5 to 6.5
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.050
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 0.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
1.8 to 2.2
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.15
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.060 to 0.12
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Tin (Sn), % 0
1.8 to 2.2
Titanium (Ti), % 0
83.7 to 87.2
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
3.6 to 4.4
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4