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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. S31260 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and S31260 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 65% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is S31260 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
260
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
370
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
500
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
540

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
20
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
53
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
160
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
22

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
24 to 26
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.2 to 0.8
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
59.6 to 67.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
2.5 to 3.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
5.5 to 7.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.1 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Tungsten (W), % 0
0.1 to 0.5
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0