ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. 3004 Aluminum
ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 3004 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is 3004 aluminum.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 540 | |
| 45 to 83 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 70 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 1.1 to 19 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 1040 | |
| 55 to 120 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 26 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1090 | |
| 100 to 180 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 170 to 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1610 | |
| 68 to 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 650 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 630 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 900 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 160 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 24 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 42 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 140 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 9.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 2.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 8.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 1180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 250 | |
| 3.2 to 27 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 18 to 31 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 25 to 37 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 65 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 7.6 to 13 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 95.6 to 98.2 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.8 to 97.7 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 1.0 to 1.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |