ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. AWS BCo-1
ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while AWS BCo-1 belongs to the cobalt alloys. There are 18 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (14, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is AWS BCo-1.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.3 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 78 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 700 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1150 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1120 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.1 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 8.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 110 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 430 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 21 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 0.9 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0.35 to 0.45 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 18 to 20 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 46 to 54 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.8 to 97.7 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 16 to 18 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Selenium (Se), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 7.5 to 8.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |